Sunday, February 11, 2007
Saturday, February 10, 2007
Beginer's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
In computer programming, BASIC an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code refers to a family of high-level programming languages. It was originally designed in 1963, by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College, to provide access for non-science students to computers. At the time, nearly all computer use required writing custom software, which was something only scientists and mathematicians tended to do. The language became widespread on home microcomputers in the 1980s, and remains popular to this day.
Prior to the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive tools used only for special-purpose tasks. A simple batch processing arrangement ran only a single "job" at a time, one after another. During the 1960s, however, faster and more affordable computers became available. With this extra processing power, computers would sometimes sit idle, without jobs to run.
Programming languages in the batch programming era tended to be designed, like the machines on which they ran, for specific purposes (such as scientific formula calculations or business data processing or eventually for text editing). Since even the newer less expensive machines were still major investments, there was strong tendency to consider efficiency to be the most important feature of a language. In general, these specialized languages were difficult to use and had widely disparate syntax.
As prices decreased, the possibility of sharing computer access began to move from research labs to commercial use. Newer computer systems supported time-sharing, a system which allows multiple users or processes to use the CPU and memory. In such a system the operating system alternates between running processes, giving each one running time on the CPU before switching to another. The machines had become fast enough that most users could feel they had the machine all to themselves. In theory, timesharing reduced the cost of computing tremendously, as a single machine could be shared among (up to) hundreds of users.
The original BASIC language was designed in 1963 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz and implemented by a team of Dartmouth students under their direction. BASIC was designed to allow students to write programs for the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System. It intended to address the complexity issues of older languages with a new language design specifically for the new class of users time-sharing systems allowed — that is, a less technical user who did not have the mathematical background of the more traditional users and was not interested in acquiring it. Being able to use a computer to support teaching and research was quite attractive enough. In the following years, as other dialects of BASIC appeared, Kemeny and Kurtz' original BASIC dialect became known as Dartmouth BASIC.
The eight design principles of BASIC were:
1. Be easy for beginners to use.
2. Be a general-purpose programming language.
3. Allow advanced features to be added for experts (while keeping the language simple for beginners).
4. Be interactive.
5. Provide clear and friendly error messages.
6. Respond quickly for small programs.
7. Not require an understanding of computer hardware.
8. Shield the user from the operating system.
The language was based partly on FORTRAN II and partly on ALGOL 60, with additions to make it suitable for timesharing. It had been preceded by other teaching-language experiments at Dartmouth such as the DARSIMCO (1956) and DOPE (1962 implementations of SAP and DART (1963) which was a simplified FORTRAN II). Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with matrix arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language and full string functionality being added by 1965. BASIC was first implemented on the GE-265 mainframe which supported multiple terminals. Contrary to popular belief, it was a compiled language at the time of its introduction. It was also quite efficient, beating FORTRAN II and ALGOL 60 implementations on the 265 at several fairly computationally intensive programming problems such as maximization Simpson's Rule.
The designers of the language decided to make the compiler available without charge so that the language would become widespread. They also made it available to high schools in the Dartmouth area and put a considerable amount of effort into promoting the language. As a result, knowledge of BASIC became relatively widespread (for a computer language) and BASIC was implemented by a number of manufacturers, becoming fairly popular on newer minicomputers like the DEC PDP series and the Data General Nova. The BASIC language was also central to the HP Time-Shared BASIC system in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In these instances the language tended to be implemented as an interpreter, instead of (or in addition to) a compiler.
Several years after its release, highly-respected computer professionals, notably Edsger W. Dijkstra, expressed their opinions that the use of GOTO statements, which existed in many languages including BASIC, promoted poor programming practices.[2] Some have also derided BASIC as too slow (most interpreted versions are slower than equivalent compiled versions) or too simple (many versions, especially for small computers left out important features and capabilities).
Notwithstanding the language's use on several minicomputers, it was the introduction of the MITS Altair 8800 microcomputer in 1975 that provided BASIC a path to universality. Most programming languages required more memory (and/or disk space) than were available on the small computers most users could afford. With the slow memory access that tapes provided and the lack of suitable text editors, a language like BASIC which could satisfy these constraints was attractive. BASIC also had the advantage that it was fairly well known to the young designers who took an interest in microcomputers. Kemeny and Kurtz's earlier proselytizing paid off in this respect. One of the first to appear for the 8080 machines like the Altair was Tiny BASIC, a simple BASIC implementation originally written by Dr. Li-Chen Wang, and then ported onto the Altair by Dennis Allison at the request of Bob Albrecht (who later founded Dr. Dobb's Journal). The Tiny BASIC design and the full source code were published in 1976 in DDJ.
In 1975, MITS released Altair BASIC, developed by Bill Gates and Paul Allen as Micro-Soft. The first Altair version was co-written by Gates, Allen and Monte Davidoff. Versions of Microsoft BASIC soon started appearing on other platforms under license, and millions of copies and variants were soon in use; it became one of the standard languages on the Apple II (based on the quite different 6502 MPU). By 1979, Microsoft was talking with several microcomputer vendors, including IBM, about licensing a BASIC interpreter for their computers. A version was included in the IBM PC ROM chips and PCs without floppy disks automatically booted into BASIC just like many other small computers.
Newer companies attempted to follow the successes of MITS, IMSAI, North Star and Apple, thus creating a home computer industry; meanwhile, BASIC became a standard feature of all but a very few home computers. Most came with a BASIC interpreter in ROM, thus avoiding the unavailable, or too expensive, disk problem. Soon there were many millions of machines running BASIC variants around the world, likely a far greater number than all the users of all other languages put together.
There are more dialects of BASIC than there are of any other programming language. Most of the home computers of the 1980s had a ROM-resident BASIC interpreter.
The BBC published BBC BASIC, developed for them by Acorn Computers Ltd, incorporating many extra structuring keywords, as well as comprehensive and versatile direct access to the operating system. It also featured a fully integrated assembler. BBC BASIC was a very well-regarded dialect, and made the transition from the original BBC Micro computer to more than 30 other platforms.
During this growth time for BASIC, many magazines were published such as Creative Magazine that included complete source codes for games, utilities, and other programs. Given BASIC's straightforward nature, it was considered a simple matter to type in the code from the magazine and execute the program. Different magazines were published featuring programs for specific computers, though some BASIC programs were universal and could be input into any BASIC-using machine.
Many newer BASIC versions were created during this period. Microsoft sold several versions of BASIC for MS-DOS/PC-DOS including BASICA, GW-BASIC (a BASICA-compatible version that did not need IBM's ROM) and QuickBASIC. Turbo Pascal-publisher Borland published Turbo BASIC 1.0 in 1985 (successor versions are still being marketed by the original author under the name PowerBASIC).
These languages introduced many extensions to the original home computer BASIC, such as improved string manipulation and graphics support, access to the file system and additional data types. More important were the facilities for structured programming, including additional control structures and proper subroutines supporting local variables.
However, by the latter half of the 1980s newer computers were far more capable with more resources. At the same time, computers had progressed from a hobbyist interest to tools used primarily for applications written by others, and programming became less important for most users. BASIC started to recede in importance, though numerous versions remained available. Compiled BASIC or CBASIC is still used in many IBM 4690 OS point of sale systems.
BASIC's fortunes reversed once again with the introduction of Visual Basic by Microsoft. It is somewhat difficult to consider this language to be BASIC, because of the major shift in its orientation towards an object-oriented and event-driven perspective. While this could be considered an evolution of the language, few of the distinctive features of early Dartmouth BASIC, such as line numbers and the INPUT keyword, remain.
Many BASIC dialects have also sprung up in the last few years, including Bywater BASIC and True BASIC (the direct successor to Dartmouth BASIC from a company controlled by Kurtz). Recently, the remaining community using Microsoft's pre-Visual Basic products have begun to switch wholesale to FreeBASIC, a GPLed compiler which has been in the process of moving BASIC onto a GCC backend. Many other BASIC variants and adaptations have been written by hobbyists, equipment developers, and others, as it is a relatively simple language to develop translators for. An example of an open source interpreter, written in C, is MiniBasic.
The ubiquity of BASIC interpreters on personal computers was such that textbooks once included simple TRY IT IN BASIC exercises that encouraged students to experiment with mathematical and computational concepts on classroom or home computers.
Sample Code
Prior to the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive tools used only for special-purpose tasks. A simple batch processing arrangement ran only a single "job" at a time, one after another. During the 1960s, however, faster and more affordable computers became available. With this extra processing power, computers would sometimes sit idle, without jobs to run.
Programming languages in the batch programming era tended to be designed, like the machines on which they ran, for specific purposes (such as scientific formula calculations or business data processing or eventually for text editing). Since even the newer less expensive machines were still major investments, there was strong tendency to consider efficiency to be the most important feature of a language. In general, these specialized languages were difficult to use and had widely disparate syntax.
As prices decreased, the possibility of sharing computer access began to move from research labs to commercial use. Newer computer systems supported time-sharing, a system which allows multiple users or processes to use the CPU and memory. In such a system the operating system alternates between running processes, giving each one running time on the CPU before switching to another. The machines had become fast enough that most users could feel they had the machine all to themselves. In theory, timesharing reduced the cost of computing tremendously, as a single machine could be shared among (up to) hundreds of users.
The original BASIC language was designed in 1963 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz and implemented by a team of Dartmouth students under their direction. BASIC was designed to allow students to write programs for the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System. It intended to address the complexity issues of older languages with a new language design specifically for the new class of users time-sharing systems allowed — that is, a less technical user who did not have the mathematical background of the more traditional users and was not interested in acquiring it. Being able to use a computer to support teaching and research was quite attractive enough. In the following years, as other dialects of BASIC appeared, Kemeny and Kurtz' original BASIC dialect became known as Dartmouth BASIC.
The eight design principles of BASIC were:
1. Be easy for beginners to use.
2. Be a general-purpose programming language.
3. Allow advanced features to be added for experts (while keeping the language simple for beginners).
4. Be interactive.
5. Provide clear and friendly error messages.
6. Respond quickly for small programs.
7. Not require an understanding of computer hardware.
8. Shield the user from the operating system.
The language was based partly on FORTRAN II and partly on ALGOL 60, with additions to make it suitable for timesharing. It had been preceded by other teaching-language experiments at Dartmouth such as the DARSIMCO (1956) and DOPE (1962 implementations of SAP and DART (1963) which was a simplified FORTRAN II). Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with matrix arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language and full string functionality being added by 1965. BASIC was first implemented on the GE-265 mainframe which supported multiple terminals. Contrary to popular belief, it was a compiled language at the time of its introduction. It was also quite efficient, beating FORTRAN II and ALGOL 60 implementations on the 265 at several fairly computationally intensive programming problems such as maximization Simpson's Rule.
The designers of the language decided to make the compiler available without charge so that the language would become widespread. They also made it available to high schools in the Dartmouth area and put a considerable amount of effort into promoting the language. As a result, knowledge of BASIC became relatively widespread (for a computer language) and BASIC was implemented by a number of manufacturers, becoming fairly popular on newer minicomputers like the DEC PDP series and the Data General Nova. The BASIC language was also central to the HP Time-Shared BASIC system in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In these instances the language tended to be implemented as an interpreter, instead of (or in addition to) a compiler.
Several years after its release, highly-respected computer professionals, notably Edsger W. Dijkstra, expressed their opinions that the use of GOTO statements, which existed in many languages including BASIC, promoted poor programming practices.[2] Some have also derided BASIC as too slow (most interpreted versions are slower than equivalent compiled versions) or too simple (many versions, especially for small computers left out important features and capabilities).
Notwithstanding the language's use on several minicomputers, it was the introduction of the MITS Altair 8800 microcomputer in 1975 that provided BASIC a path to universality. Most programming languages required more memory (and/or disk space) than were available on the small computers most users could afford. With the slow memory access that tapes provided and the lack of suitable text editors, a language like BASIC which could satisfy these constraints was attractive. BASIC also had the advantage that it was fairly well known to the young designers who took an interest in microcomputers. Kemeny and Kurtz's earlier proselytizing paid off in this respect. One of the first to appear for the 8080 machines like the Altair was Tiny BASIC, a simple BASIC implementation originally written by Dr. Li-Chen Wang, and then ported onto the Altair by Dennis Allison at the request of Bob Albrecht (who later founded Dr. Dobb's Journal). The Tiny BASIC design and the full source code were published in 1976 in DDJ.
In 1975, MITS released Altair BASIC, developed by Bill Gates and Paul Allen as Micro-Soft. The first Altair version was co-written by Gates, Allen and Monte Davidoff. Versions of Microsoft BASIC soon started appearing on other platforms under license, and millions of copies and variants were soon in use; it became one of the standard languages on the Apple II (based on the quite different 6502 MPU). By 1979, Microsoft was talking with several microcomputer vendors, including IBM, about licensing a BASIC interpreter for their computers. A version was included in the IBM PC ROM chips and PCs without floppy disks automatically booted into BASIC just like many other small computers.
Newer companies attempted to follow the successes of MITS, IMSAI, North Star and Apple, thus creating a home computer industry; meanwhile, BASIC became a standard feature of all but a very few home computers. Most came with a BASIC interpreter in ROM, thus avoiding the unavailable, or too expensive, disk problem. Soon there were many millions of machines running BASIC variants around the world, likely a far greater number than all the users of all other languages put together.
There are more dialects of BASIC than there are of any other programming language. Most of the home computers of the 1980s had a ROM-resident BASIC interpreter.
The BBC published BBC BASIC, developed for them by Acorn Computers Ltd, incorporating many extra structuring keywords, as well as comprehensive and versatile direct access to the operating system. It also featured a fully integrated assembler. BBC BASIC was a very well-regarded dialect, and made the transition from the original BBC Micro computer to more than 30 other platforms.
During this growth time for BASIC, many magazines were published such as Creative Magazine that included complete source codes for games, utilities, and other programs. Given BASIC's straightforward nature, it was considered a simple matter to type in the code from the magazine and execute the program. Different magazines were published featuring programs for specific computers, though some BASIC programs were universal and could be input into any BASIC-using machine.
Many newer BASIC versions were created during this period. Microsoft sold several versions of BASIC for MS-DOS/PC-DOS including BASICA, GW-BASIC (a BASICA-compatible version that did not need IBM's ROM) and QuickBASIC. Turbo Pascal-publisher Borland published Turbo BASIC 1.0 in 1985 (successor versions are still being marketed by the original author under the name PowerBASIC).
These languages introduced many extensions to the original home computer BASIC, such as improved string manipulation and graphics support, access to the file system and additional data types. More important were the facilities for structured programming, including additional control structures and proper subroutines supporting local variables.
However, by the latter half of the 1980s newer computers were far more capable with more resources. At the same time, computers had progressed from a hobbyist interest to tools used primarily for applications written by others, and programming became less important for most users. BASIC started to recede in importance, though numerous versions remained available. Compiled BASIC or CBASIC is still used in many IBM 4690 OS point of sale systems.
BASIC's fortunes reversed once again with the introduction of Visual Basic by Microsoft. It is somewhat difficult to consider this language to be BASIC, because of the major shift in its orientation towards an object-oriented and event-driven perspective. While this could be considered an evolution of the language, few of the distinctive features of early Dartmouth BASIC, such as line numbers and the INPUT keyword, remain.
Many BASIC dialects have also sprung up in the last few years, including Bywater BASIC and True BASIC (the direct successor to Dartmouth BASIC from a company controlled by Kurtz). Recently, the remaining community using Microsoft's pre-Visual Basic products have begun to switch wholesale to FreeBASIC, a GPLed compiler which has been in the process of moving BASIC onto a GCC backend. Many other BASIC variants and adaptations have been written by hobbyists, equipment developers, and others, as it is a relatively simple language to develop translators for. An example of an open source interpreter, written in C, is MiniBasic.
The ubiquity of BASIC interpreters on personal computers was such that textbooks once included simple TRY IT IN BASIC exercises that encouraged students to experiment with mathematical and computational concepts on classroom or home computers.
Sample Code
10 INPUT "What is your name: "; U$
20 PRINT "Hello "; U$
30 REM
40 INPUT "How many stars do you want: "; N
50 S$ = ""
60 FOR I = 1 TO N
70 S$ = S$ + "*"
80 NEXT I
90 PRINT S$
100 REM
110 INPUT "Do you want more stars? "; A$
120 IF LEN(A$) = 0 THEN GOTO 110
130 A$ = LEFT$(A$, 1)
140 IF (A$ = "Y") OR (A$ = "y") THEN GOTO 40
150 PRINT "Goodbye ";
160 FOR I = 1 TO 200
170 PRINT U$; " ";
180 NEXT I
190 PRINT
Friday, February 09, 2007
Thursday, February 08, 2007
Sri Lanka Queens and Presidents Scout Guild
Its been more than a year I've joined the Sri Lanka Queens and Presidents Scout Guild. It is loads of fun working with elder people and so much to learn. The Guild is growing each year since its inception. Hoping to help the younger generation with the experince i gained as a cub/scout/senior scout/rower scout for 12 years. Once a Scout Always a Scout ! BE PREPARED !
Ruby is…
A dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. It has an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write.
Top Ruby Features according to Michael Neumann
interpreted
advantage:
* immediately executable (no waiting period while compiling)
disadvantage:
* execution speed much slower than with compiler (e.g. Pascal, C++)
object-oriented
In Ruby everything is an object (as in Smalltalk). Ruby did not use multiple-inheritance, but the same is possible through mix-in.
portabel
Ruby is highly portable, so that one and the same Ruby program runs without changes under UNIX, Windows, DOS, Mac, BeOS and others. Of course that's only true unless using platform-specific modules, like for example some GUI's for UNIX or WinGKR (Win32 GUI Kit for Ruby).
advantage:
* less expenditure (only one program had to be managed)
* wider distribution of the program (because it runs on serveral platforms)
untyped
Variables in Ruby have no type, such as in Smalltalk, BASIC or Python. Variables behave as placeholders, but data is typed. In C++ or Pascal, variables are typed (e.g. int / Integer), but the data in the memory is not, that is you cannot recognize if it's a String or an Integer. In C++ or Pascal the types are checked at compile-time, whereas Ruby checks the type at runtime, so if the object understands the message (method-call) is first known after a method-call. You do not have to declare variables, because they are automatically created when you use them.
automatic memory-management (garbage collection)
You do not have to release allocated memory in Ruby (as you have to do in Pascal/C++ with dispose/free). No longer used memory, i.e. memory-frames where no variable points to, are automatically freed by the garbage collector.
advantage:
* no memory leaks
* fewer crashs or errors
* more easier, faster and more uncomplicated programming, because you do not have to look after the memory management.
disadvantage:
* less speed (about 10%). But Ruby is an interpreted language, where 10% are not so much.
easy and clear syntax
Ruby is based among others on the syntax of Eiffel (Ada)
* well legible
* ease to understand
* easy to learn
* fewer errors
Ruby often offers an additional C++ similar syntax
* hardly changes for those, who come from C++ (Perl) to Ruby
* less code ==> faster
advanced OO-concepts and features
* singleton methods
* mix-in instead of multiple-inheritance
* operator overloading
* method-overloading (such as C++)
* exception handling
* iterators and closures
* meta-class
* build-in pattern-matching (like Perl)
other features
* Ruby is free, also for commercial applications
* many existing libraries make programming easy
* Ruby is permanently developed, without loosing backward-compatibility
* There are interfaces to Python, Perl and Java. Thus existing programs can be reused.
* Many important data-structures are available (such as dynamic arrays (lists), strings, bignum, complex, ....)
* Easy to extend through C/C++ with dynamic (DLL's) or static binding.
Top Ruby Features according to Michael Neumann
interpreted
advantage:
* immediately executable (no waiting period while compiling)
disadvantage:
* execution speed much slower than with compiler (e.g. Pascal, C++)
object-oriented
In Ruby everything is an object (as in Smalltalk). Ruby did not use multiple-inheritance, but the same is possible through mix-in.
portabel
Ruby is highly portable, so that one and the same Ruby program runs without changes under UNIX, Windows, DOS, Mac, BeOS and others. Of course that's only true unless using platform-specific modules, like for example some GUI's for UNIX or WinGKR (Win32 GUI Kit for Ruby).
advantage:
* less expenditure (only one program had to be managed)
* wider distribution of the program (because it runs on serveral platforms)
untyped
Variables in Ruby have no type, such as in Smalltalk, BASIC or Python. Variables behave as placeholders, but data is typed. In C++ or Pascal, variables are typed (e.g. int / Integer), but the data in the memory is not, that is you cannot recognize if it's a String or an Integer. In C++ or Pascal the types are checked at compile-time, whereas Ruby checks the type at runtime, so if the object understands the message (method-call) is first known after a method-call. You do not have to declare variables, because they are automatically created when you use them.
automatic memory-management (garbage collection)
You do not have to release allocated memory in Ruby (as you have to do in Pascal/C++ with dispose/free). No longer used memory, i.e. memory-frames where no variable points to, are automatically freed by the garbage collector.
advantage:
* no memory leaks
* fewer crashs or errors
* more easier, faster and more uncomplicated programming, because you do not have to look after the memory management.
disadvantage:
* less speed (about 10%). But Ruby is an interpreted language, where 10% are not so much.
easy and clear syntax
Ruby is based among others on the syntax of Eiffel (Ada)
* well legible
* ease to understand
* easy to learn
* fewer errors
Ruby often offers an additional C++ similar syntax
* hardly changes for those, who come from C++ (Perl) to Ruby
* less code ==> faster
advanced OO-concepts and features
* singleton methods
* mix-in instead of multiple-inheritance
* operator overloading
* method-overloading (such as C++)
* exception handling
* iterators and closures
* meta-class
* build-in pattern-matching (like Perl)
other features
* Ruby is free, also for commercial applications
* many existing libraries make programming easy
* Ruby is permanently developed, without loosing backward-compatibility
* There are interfaces to Python, Perl and Java. Thus existing programs can be reused.
* Many important data-structures are available (such as dynamic arrays (lists), strings, bignum, complex, ....)
* Easy to extend through C/C++ with dynamic (DLL's) or static binding.
Tuesday, February 06, 2007
Monday, February 05, 2007
A ceremony that elicited the true meaning of freedom
National Flags fluttered proudly at Galle Face Green as the 59th anniversary of Independence dawned yesterday. The colourful National Day celebration marking Sri Lanka's liberation from foreign domination was held at Galle Face yesterday, with President Mahinda Rajapaksa participating as the Chief Guest.
The arrival of President Rajapaksa and First Lady Shiranthi Rajapaksa was heralded by the blowing of trumpets by the Sri Lanka Army. They were received by Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickramanayake, Public Administration Minister Karu Jayasuriya, Home Affairs Minister R. Gajadeera, Western Province Governor Alavi Moulana and Western Province Chief Minister Reginald Cooray.
The Chief of Defence Staff, the three Services Commanders and the IGP conducted the President to the Main Flag Post where he hoisted the National Flag, amidst the beating of Magul Bera and the blowing of Conch Shells by Artists of the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage. This was followed by a 21 Gun Salute to the President, who later addressed the Nation.
The National Anthem was sung by a bevy of 100 schoolgirls representing seven Girls' Schools in Colombo - Vishaka Vidyalaya, Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya, Devi Balika Vidyalaya, St. Bridget Convent, Janadhipathi Vidyalaya, Ramanathan Hindu Balika Vidyalaya, Muslim Ladies College and three from outstations - Kurunegala Maliyadeva Balika Vidyalaya, Debarawewa National School and Dehiathakandiya National School.
Jayamangala Gathas and "Devo Vassathu Kalena" was also sung by 25 school girls of seven selected schools from these 10 schools.
The colourful pageant ended with a 'March Past' by the Army, Navy, Air Force, Police, STF and the Civil Security Forces who portrayed their strength and dexterity. Naval offshore patrolling and surveillance crafts, Sayura, Sagara, Nandimithra, Samudura, Shakthi and Udara, displayed their manoeuvrability skills in the sea off Galle Face Green, while Kfir and MiG fast-attack aircraft of the Air Force displayed their air power.
This was followed by 'Group Performances' including 'Ves Netum' and traditional drums.
Yesterday's ceremony reflected the will of the Nation to face the myriad challenges of the present and the future as one, devoid of any ethnic, religious or political differences.
The arrival of President Rajapaksa and First Lady Shiranthi Rajapaksa was heralded by the blowing of trumpets by the Sri Lanka Army. They were received by Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickramanayake, Public Administration Minister Karu Jayasuriya, Home Affairs Minister R. Gajadeera, Western Province Governor Alavi Moulana and Western Province Chief Minister Reginald Cooray.
The Chief of Defence Staff, the three Services Commanders and the IGP conducted the President to the Main Flag Post where he hoisted the National Flag, amidst the beating of Magul Bera and the blowing of Conch Shells by Artists of the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage. This was followed by a 21 Gun Salute to the President, who later addressed the Nation.
The National Anthem was sung by a bevy of 100 schoolgirls representing seven Girls' Schools in Colombo - Vishaka Vidyalaya, Sirimavo Bandaranaike Vidyalaya, Devi Balika Vidyalaya, St. Bridget Convent, Janadhipathi Vidyalaya, Ramanathan Hindu Balika Vidyalaya, Muslim Ladies College and three from outstations - Kurunegala Maliyadeva Balika Vidyalaya, Debarawewa National School and Dehiathakandiya National School.
Jayamangala Gathas and "Devo Vassathu Kalena" was also sung by 25 school girls of seven selected schools from these 10 schools.
The colourful pageant ended with a 'March Past' by the Army, Navy, Air Force, Police, STF and the Civil Security Forces who portrayed their strength and dexterity. Naval offshore patrolling and surveillance crafts, Sayura, Sagara, Nandimithra, Samudura, Shakthi and Udara, displayed their manoeuvrability skills in the sea off Galle Face Green, while Kfir and MiG fast-attack aircraft of the Air Force displayed their air power.
This was followed by 'Group Performances' including 'Ves Netum' and traditional drums.
Yesterday's ceremony reflected the will of the Nation to face the myriad challenges of the present and the future as one, devoid of any ethnic, religious or political differences.
Sunday, February 04, 2007
'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
Taken from
http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/jobs-061505.html
without any modifications
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
Taken from
http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/jobs-061505.html
without any modifications
59th Independence Day celebration with new peace offer
Today Sri Lanka marked its 59th independence anniversary with President Mahinda Rajapakse inviting Tiger rebel proxies in parliament to join his effort to end decades of ethnic bloodshed.
The celebration was well organized and joined by Sri Lankan Armed forces to display the Nation armed strength to the World. Displays also included Armed Vehicles, Naval Crafts and High speed jets.
The celebration was well organized and joined by Sri Lankan Armed forces to display the Nation armed strength to the World. Displays also included Armed Vehicles, Naval Crafts and High speed jets.
Its been 2 months at Virtusa Corporation
Well..Well.. Its been more than 2 months that i have joined Virtusa Corporation R&D Team as a Intern for my Industrial Placement. The place is really cool and i was impressed to work in R&D team. Didn't know what to do in the beginning but now I'm in a proper track, Thanks to Anuradha for teaching and guiding me. Also he is my Carrier Champion.
I'm using both WIN XP and GNU/Linux Debian Etch. Working with Apache Web Server.
And I'm so glad to have contacts and make friends with Other interns from different Universities. This includes University of Moratuwa, Informatics Institute of Technology and Technical University of Clausthal - Germany
I'm using both WIN XP and GNU/Linux Debian Etch. Working with Apache Web Server.
And I'm so glad to have contacts and make friends with Other interns from different Universities. This includes University of Moratuwa, Informatics Institute of Technology and Technical University of Clausthal - Germany
Saturday, January 13, 2007
Sunday, January 07, 2007
Upgrade Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) to Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)
Ubuntu 6.10 is the current development version of the Ubuntu operating system. It was released in October 26th.The common name given to this release from the time of its early development was “Edgy Eft”.
Today I have upgraded my Ubuntu Dapper Machine to Ubuntu Edgy.
We can Use Two methods to upgrade Ubuntu Dapper to Edgy
1) Using GUI
2) Using apt-get
Here i will discuss how to upgrade your ubuntu Dapper Box to Edgy version Using command line apt-get.
Srep 1: Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list as root. Change every occurrence of dapper to edgy.
Use any prefered editor. If you have a CD-ROM line in your file, then remove it.
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
or
use the following Simple command
sudo sed -e ’s/\sdapper/ edgy/g’ -i /etc/apt/sources.list
Step 2: Now you need to update the source list using the following command
sudo apt-get update
Step 3: Upgrade using the following command
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Step 4: Double check your process was finished properly using the following command
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo dpkg –configure -a
Step 5: Now you need to Reboot your machine to take your new ubuntu 6.10 installation to effect all changes.
I have some applications installed in my ubuntu dapper machine after upgrading to edgy some of my applications also upgraded to latest versions
Today I have upgraded my Ubuntu Dapper Machine to Ubuntu Edgy.
We can Use Two methods to upgrade Ubuntu Dapper to Edgy
1) Using GUI
2) Using apt-get
Here i will discuss how to upgrade your ubuntu Dapper Box to Edgy version Using command line apt-get.
Srep 1: Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list as root. Change every occurrence of dapper to edgy.
Use any prefered editor. If you have a CD-ROM line in your file, then remove it.
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
or
use the following Simple command
sudo sed -e ’s/\sdapper/ edgy/g’ -i /etc/apt/sources.list
Step 2: Now you need to update the source list using the following command
sudo apt-get update
Step 3: Upgrade using the following command
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Step 4: Double check your process was finished properly using the following command
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo dpkg –configure -a
Step 5: Now you need to Reboot your machine to take your new ubuntu 6.10 installation to effect all changes.
I have some applications installed in my ubuntu dapper machine after upgrading to edgy some of my applications also upgraded to latest versions
Thursday, January 04, 2007
Monday, January 01, 2007
Try to understand what is Spam?
Many people including some people working in an Internet security products company is unable to identify the SPAM emails. I got this spam email forwarded to me from one of my friends who himself is working for a software company:
Subject: FW: FW: FW: Please Read and Froward it!!
Dear Reader,
I am writing this behalf of my loving husband.
Everything was fine, me, my husband and our two children. We had a happy family. My husband was an Engineer in a big company. He comes home early and helps me with the house chores and plays with the children.
Our dreams were shattered in front of our eyes last week. It was a drunken lorry driver, came on the wrong side and hit us and went.
It killed my little baby girl and left my husband paralyzed. My husband is still in the hospital. His brain is damaged and he needs an operation. I need 5 lakhs s to save his life. I collected about 3 lakhs from my friends and family. I need another 2 lakhs.
I don't want to lose him. He was such a wonderful husband & father. He still doesn't know we lost our little girl. I am looking after my son now. Without my husband I won't be able to take care of him.
Please help me save my husband the one person I dearly love. I already lost my daughter and I don't want to lose my husband as well. Please help us.
Thank you very much for your love & support. May God bless you.
Yours Truly,
Nirosha Silva
(I know you don't like to forward mails. I am really sorry to bother you. If you have a heart and like to help a family, please forward this mail. Every mail you forward will add 5cents to AOL and they will deposit it to my bank account. This will help me save my husband.)
////////////////// Points to be noted here. ////////////////////////////////
1.) In the subject the Mail Server itself shows that its a SPAM
2.) The Content
3.) IT states "Every mail you forward will add 5cents to AOL", Here note that there is no Track Back url.
4.) If any service provider wants to pay for this kind of activities they might get a small space for donation in their website.
Note: If you are going to make a donation online, see if that the website is a legitimate one.
Also you might have noted and experienced as well that you would get money if you forward this mail to 100 people etc and so on. So inorder to do this the SPAMMERS they use the reputed companies name like Microsoft Corporation, AOL and so on. Also sometimes it comes with some attachments which might be a virus file.
Though there are Spam Blockers installed in the system, people anyway manage to get thest kinds of email and forward it to their friends in their contact list.
Subject: FW: FW: FW: Please Read and Froward it!!
Dear Reader,
I am writing this behalf of my loving husband.
Everything was fine, me, my husband and our two children. We had a happy family. My husband was an Engineer in a big company. He comes home early and helps me with the house chores and plays with the children.
Our dreams were shattered in front of our eyes last week. It was a drunken lorry driver, came on the wrong side and hit us and went.
It killed my little baby girl and left my husband paralyzed. My husband is still in the hospital. His brain is damaged and he needs an operation. I need 5 lakhs s to save his life. I collected about 3 lakhs from my friends and family. I need another 2 lakhs.
I don't want to lose him. He was such a wonderful husband & father. He still doesn't know we lost our little girl. I am looking after my son now. Without my husband I won't be able to take care of him.
Please help me save my husband the one person I dearly love. I already lost my daughter and I don't want to lose my husband as well. Please help us.
Thank you very much for your love & support. May God bless you.
Yours Truly,
Nirosha Silva
(I know you don't like to forward mails. I am really sorry to bother you. If you have a heart and like to help a family, please forward this mail. Every mail you forward will add 5cents to AOL and they will deposit it to my bank account. This will help me save my husband.)
////////////////// Points to be noted here. ////////////////////////////////
1.) In the subject the Mail Server itself shows that its a SPAM
2.) The Content
3.) IT states "Every mail you forward will add 5cents to AOL", Here note that there is no Track Back url.
4.) If any service provider wants to pay for this kind of activities they might get a small space for donation in their website.
Note: If you are going to make a donation online, see if that the website is a legitimate one.
Also you might have noted and experienced as well that you would get money if you forward this mail to 100 people etc and so on. So inorder to do this the SPAMMERS they use the reputed companies name like Microsoft Corporation, AOL and so on. Also sometimes it comes with some attachments which might be a virus file.
Though there are Spam Blockers installed in the system, people anyway manage to get thest kinds of email and forward it to their friends in their contact list.
Tuesday, December 12, 2006
WMP 11 vs Winamp 5.3 vs iTunes 7.0.2
Memory Usage:
WMP - 8776k
iTunes - 43368k
Winamp - 7264k
Playing song
WMP - 21328k
iTunes - 45772k
Winamp - 23114k
WMP + 1
—————————————-
First Run:
WMP - Very quick. Very simple. It sets up and scans your library within 10 minutes or at least on my machine.
iTunes - Slow. To finish installsion it took about 10 minutes then to finish all its initial scans took another 15 almost.
Winamp. As as WMP. Done everything in about 10 minutes.
WMP/Winamp + 0.5
—————————————-
Plugins:
WMP - Has a good number of plugins ranging from visual to effects to codecs.
iTunes - Very very slime pickings for plugins. Mostly visual.
Winamp - A large community of developers. 100’s of them.
Winamp +1
—————————————-
Skins :
WMP - Has a selection. Not a good selection but a selection none the less.
iTunes - SUCKS FOR SKINNING! There are a handful of skins and all they do is change the color.
Winamp - A huge number of skins! Many are great and can totally change the way you use the program.
Winamp +1
—————————————-
HotKeys
WMP - Can’t add custom keys but will use the media controls on your keyboard
iTunes - Will also use the media controls on your keyboard, but only when the program is in focus!
Winamp - Uses media keys plus allows the creation of custom keys.
Winamp +1
—————————————-
Sharing Media
WMP/iTunes - Both simple to use and share.
Winamp - Can only do it with a plugin and even then its horrible.
WMP/iTunes - 0.5
—————————————-
Playlists:
WMP - Handles them nicely. Very simple. Allows you to save them in several different formats.
iTunes - Can only save it in the single format iTunes uses. Not as nicely done as WMP or WA
Winamp - Very simple, just like WMP. It also allows your to save them out in a few different forms.
WMP/WA + 0.5
—————————————-
Video:
They all suck. Get VLC or MPlayer.
—————————————-
Layout:
WMP - This is hot. The default skin for WMP 11 is beautiful. I love it. Also the way the library is handle is very different from WA or iT. You can sort the music much like in WA or iT but unlike them which just reorders the list, WMP gives you a totally different view. I don’t know if this is a good thing. I suppose they were trying to set themselves apart from the rest of the field and they did exactly that. I personally really really like it.It actually makes it worth having all that album art!
Album view
Song view
iTunes - It works. Its simple, but I don’t care for it. Its too simple. The default nav is just to blah, but the new views they’ve added are nice (almost exactly like WMP :O ) but don’t work very well due to the stupid bottom bar and the ugly header bar that just can’t be hidden.
WinAmp - The layout of the program is really good in my opinion. You can move the separate parts anywhere you want, hide parts you don’t need, and its very clean and simple with enough options in the open that you don’t need to dig through menus to get at everything.
My layout
WMP/Winamp + 0.5
—————————————-
Final Scores:
WMP - 4
iTunes - 0.5
Winamp - 4.5
—————————————-
Overview
WMP 11 is very good. A HUGE improvement. And even though Winamp has more points (only 0.5!) I would recommend trying WMP 11. If it suits your personal taste go for it! It is just as good if not better if you ignore the skins and plugins. I am personally going to continue to us both winamp and WMP 11 for the next week or soon until I figure out which I like more. I though doing this test would put both programs through enough hoops that one would walk out on top, but alas, no.
As for iTunes, the ONLY reason I can see anyone using this program is that they are too set in their ways already, have an iPod or are just to lazy to get winamp with the ipod plugin :P (which I image/hope will be out for WMP soon)
So I came in using Winamp and am walking away using Winamp and WMP until I can settle on one. I hope this helps everyone that reads it find the media player of your choice.
WMP - 8776k
iTunes - 43368k
Winamp - 7264k
Playing song
WMP - 21328k
iTunes - 45772k
Winamp - 23114k
WMP + 1
—————————————-
First Run:
WMP - Very quick. Very simple. It sets up and scans your library within 10 minutes or at least on my machine.
iTunes - Slow. To finish installsion it took about 10 minutes then to finish all its initial scans took another 15 almost.
Winamp. As as WMP. Done everything in about 10 minutes.
WMP/Winamp + 0.5
—————————————-
Plugins:
WMP - Has a good number of plugins ranging from visual to effects to codecs.
iTunes - Very very slime pickings for plugins. Mostly visual.
Winamp - A large community of developers. 100’s of them.
Winamp +1
—————————————-
Skins :
WMP - Has a selection. Not a good selection but a selection none the less.
iTunes - SUCKS FOR SKINNING! There are a handful of skins and all they do is change the color.
Winamp - A huge number of skins! Many are great and can totally change the way you use the program.
Winamp +1
—————————————-
HotKeys
WMP - Can’t add custom keys but will use the media controls on your keyboard
iTunes - Will also use the media controls on your keyboard, but only when the program is in focus!
Winamp - Uses media keys plus allows the creation of custom keys.
Winamp +1
—————————————-
Sharing Media
WMP/iTunes - Both simple to use and share.
Winamp - Can only do it with a plugin and even then its horrible.
WMP/iTunes - 0.5
—————————————-
Playlists:
WMP - Handles them nicely. Very simple. Allows you to save them in several different formats.
iTunes - Can only save it in the single format iTunes uses. Not as nicely done as WMP or WA
Winamp - Very simple, just like WMP. It also allows your to save them out in a few different forms.
WMP/WA + 0.5
—————————————-
Video:
They all suck. Get VLC or MPlayer.
—————————————-
Layout:
WMP - This is hot. The default skin for WMP 11 is beautiful. I love it. Also the way the library is handle is very different from WA or iT. You can sort the music much like in WA or iT but unlike them which just reorders the list, WMP gives you a totally different view. I don’t know if this is a good thing. I suppose they were trying to set themselves apart from the rest of the field and they did exactly that. I personally really really like it.It actually makes it worth having all that album art!
Album view
Song view
iTunes - It works. Its simple, but I don’t care for it. Its too simple. The default nav is just to blah, but the new views they’ve added are nice (almost exactly like WMP :O ) but don’t work very well due to the stupid bottom bar and the ugly header bar that just can’t be hidden.
WinAmp - The layout of the program is really good in my opinion. You can move the separate parts anywhere you want, hide parts you don’t need, and its very clean and simple with enough options in the open that you don’t need to dig through menus to get at everything.
My layout
WMP/Winamp + 0.5
—————————————-
Final Scores:
WMP - 4
iTunes - 0.5
Winamp - 4.5
—————————————-
Overview
WMP 11 is very good. A HUGE improvement. And even though Winamp has more points (only 0.5!) I would recommend trying WMP 11. If it suits your personal taste go for it! It is just as good if not better if you ignore the skins and plugins. I am personally going to continue to us both winamp and WMP 11 for the next week or soon until I figure out which I like more. I though doing this test would put both programs through enough hoops that one would walk out on top, but alas, no.
As for iTunes, the ONLY reason I can see anyone using this program is that they are too set in their ways already, have an iPod or are just to lazy to get winamp with the ipod plugin :P (which I image/hope will be out for WMP soon)
So I came in using Winamp and am walking away using Winamp and WMP until I can settle on one. I hope this helps everyone that reads it find the media player of your choice.
Monday, December 11, 2006
DADDY! HOW WAS I BORN
"DADDY! HOW WAS I BORN?" Junior asks his dad,
His dad, who is a software engineer sighs and replies,
"Ah, my son, I guess one day you would have to find out anyway!"
"Well, I saw your Mom and I first got together in a chat room on MSN.
Then I set up a date via e-mail with your mom and we met at a
cyber-cafe.
We sneaked into a secluded room, where your mother agreed to a
download from my hard drive. As soon as I was ready to upload, we discovered
that neither one of us had used a firewall, but it was too late to hit the
delete button."
"Six weeks later your mom sent me an instant message saying that her
operating system was showing signs of unauthorized program activity
from a self extracting file which had implanted in her BIOS.
Then nine months later a little Pop-Up appeared and said:
You've Got Male!"
His dad, who is a software engineer sighs and replies,
"Ah, my son, I guess one day you would have to find out anyway!"
"Well, I saw your Mom and I first got together in a chat room on MSN.
Then I set up a date via e-mail with your mom and we met at a
cyber-cafe.
We sneaked into a secluded room, where your mother agreed to a
download from my hard drive. As soon as I was ready to upload, we discovered
that neither one of us had used a firewall, but it was too late to hit the
delete button."
"Six weeks later your mom sent me an instant message saying that her
operating system was showing signs of unauthorized program activity
from a self extracting file which had implanted in her BIOS.
Then nine months later a little Pop-Up appeared and said:
You've Got Male!"
Monday, December 04, 2006
Sunday, December 03, 2006
Jobs That Pay the Most
Here is a reasonable top ten (and top 20) list:
- Surgeons: $65.89/hr; $137,050/yr
- Obstetricians and gynecologists: $64.15/hr; $133,430/yr
- Anesthesiologists: $63.31/hr; $131,680/yr
- Internists, general: $61.03/hr; $126,940/yr
- Pediatricians, general: $56.03/hr; $116,550/yr
- Psychiatrists: $54.60/hr; $113,570/yr
- Dentists: $53.28/hr; $110,820/yr
- Family and general practitioners: $52.89/hr; $110,020/yr
- Chief Executives: $51.77/hr; $107,670/yr
- Airline pilots, copilots and flight engineers: (N/A); $99,400/yr
- Podiatrists: $45.43/hr; $94,500/yr
- Lawyers: $44.19/hr; $91,920/yr
- Optometrists: $42.35/hr; $88,100/yr
- Computer and information systems managers: $40.33/hr; $83,890/yr
- Physicists: $40.26/hr; $83,750/yr
- Air traffic controllers: $40.07/hr; $83,350/yr
- Petroleum Engineers: $39.33/hr; $81,800/yr
- Nuclear Engineers: $38.56/hr; $80,200/yr
- Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates: $38.24/hr; $79,540/yr
- Marketing Managers: $37.70/hr; $78,410
1st Job at Virtusa
Well now i'm a Virtusan.
Virtusan means Excellence for those who don't know the meaning.
Virtusan means Excellence for those who don't know the meaning.
Saturday, October 14, 2006
FIX YOU
When you try your best but you don't succeed
When you get what you want but not what you need
When you feel so tired but you can't sleep
Stuck in reverse.
And the tears come streaming down your face
When you lose something you can't replace
When you love someone but it goes to waste
Could it be worse?
Lights will guide you home
And ignite your bones
And I will try to fix you
And high up above or down below
When you're too in love to let it go
But if you never try you'll never know
Just what you're worth
Lights will guide you home
And ignite your bones
And I will try to fix you
Tears stream, down on your face
When you lose something you cannot replace
Tears stream down on your face
And I..
Tears stream, down on your face
I promise you I will learn from my mistakes
Tears stream down on your face
And I..
Lights will guide you home
And ignite your bones
And I will try to fix you.
When you get what you want but not what you need
When you feel so tired but you can't sleep
Stuck in reverse.
And the tears come streaming down your face
When you lose something you can't replace
When you love someone but it goes to waste
Could it be worse?
Lights will guide you home
And ignite your bones
And I will try to fix you
And high up above or down below
When you're too in love to let it go
But if you never try you'll never know
Just what you're worth
Lights will guide you home
And ignite your bones
And I will try to fix you
Tears stream, down on your face
When you lose something you cannot replace
Tears stream down on your face
And I..
Tears stream, down on your face
I promise you I will learn from my mistakes
Tears stream down on your face
And I..
Lights will guide you home
And ignite your bones
And I will try to fix you.
http://bash.org/?202477
(Mootar) morons.
(Mootar) these people who live in my apartment complex are connected to my wireless
(Mootar) they must think they're super-cool hackers by breaking into my completely unsecure network
(Mootar) unfortunatly, the connection works both ways
(Mootar) long story short, they now have loads of horse porn on their computer
(Mootar) these people who live in my apartment complex are connected to my wireless
(Mootar) they must think they're super-cool hackers by breaking into my completely unsecure network
(Mootar) unfortunatly, the connection works both ways
(Mootar) long story short, they now have loads of horse porn on their computer
http://bash.org/?369
Sunday, September 24, 2006
Tuesday, September 19, 2006
Friday 15th September (BIG Picture)
Didn’t sleep at all, was pasting the CD covers and preparing my Vote of thanks. Around 6.45AM have to rush to the TLC to pick a Slackware PC and head back to APIIT.
My colleague Lohita started the Workshop officially with his Welcome speech.
Key note Speech by Dr. Shahani Weerawarana is all about Imagine. It was great. The presentation really touched the entire audience and most of the Business students and Lecturers were inspired by the four letter word FOSS.
Anuradha Ratnaweera was briefing the audience about the freedom to use software and freedom laws. He also briefed on the license used in Free and Open Source Projects.
Bud gave his usual Gadgematic Presentation which inspired many students and able to take away the Negative image of GNU/Linux capabilities.
Rajkumar from Lanka Software Foundation came prepared for the Orange Open Movie Project – Elephants Dream. The short film was projected with surrounding sound system which attracted the most number of Participants.
After having a little break we continued with our speakers from Senid and Red Hat.
Learnt a lot from Red Hat Sanjeewa. It was the most fruitful Q&A Session we had.
I delivered the vote of thanks and Workshop ended around 3.00 pm and it was a great job done by the 2nd year computing guys, organized within a short period of 9 days and leaving out all the project work to be submitted.
Well-done guys, Job Well-done!
Monday, September 11, 2006
APIIT SFD 2006 Handout
Went to apiit in the morning, and distributed the handouts to the staff..Went ok with the computing lecturers and had problems with Business lecturers. For some reason they expect more Public Relation stuff from us which really freaked me out. Apart from this a particular lecturer who has waken from the wrong side of the bed start criticizing the Free Software and its freedom to use. Is he mad I don't know...But majority thinks as it is.. I just wonder what people would have tell to Richard Stallmen and Linus Trovalds when they first came with their talents and ideas.
Went to classrooms in the afternnon to distribute the handouts and we had a good feedback from them, specially there was this BA Lecturer who was overwhelmed with Linux and explains to his class the importance of FOSS and and true contribution towards it. This really helped us to survive in a Business class while explaining all the Computing stuff.
Ilham designed the posters and it was really nice!!
Spoke to the CEO and he was happy with the way things going on..And all this is because APIIT sponsor several students to attend the ApacheCon ASIA 2006 :)
Burnt the first 50 Linux Distributions.. yipeee and another 150 more to go :)
Went to classrooms in the afternnon to distribute the handouts and we had a good feedback from them, specially there was this BA Lecturer who was overwhelmed with Linux and explains to his class the importance of FOSS and and true contribution towards it. This really helped us to survive in a Business class while explaining all the Computing stuff.
Ilham designed the posters and it was really nice!!
Spoke to the CEO and he was happy with the way things going on..And all this is because APIIT sponsor several students to attend the ApacheCon ASIA 2006 :)
Burnt the first 50 Linux Distributions.. yipeee and another 150 more to go :)
Sunday, September 10, 2006
APIIT SFD 2006 WIKI
Now you can access the APIIT SFD 2006 wiki page from;
http://www.softwarefreedomday.org/teams/asia/SriLanka
htthttp://www.softwarefreedomday.org/teams/asia/SriLanka/APIITLanka
http://www.softwarefreedomday.org/teams/asia/SriLanka
htthttp://www.softwarefreedomday.org/teams/asia/SriLanka/APIITLanka
"Crocodile Hunter" Irwin dies
"Crocodile Hunter" Steve Irwin, killed in a stingray attack last week, knew the risks involved in his work and often discussed the possibility he might die doing it.
The 44-year-old star was being filmed for a new TV program as he swam with a stingray on the Great Barrier Reef Monday when it lashed out with its tail, plunging a poisonous barb into his chest. He died within minutes.
In the first public comments by Irwin's family since the tragedy, the elder Irwin, who started the wildlife park that his son turned into a major tourist attraction, said Wednesday both were aware of the inherent dangers of their occupation.
The 44-year-old star was being filmed for a new TV program as he swam with a stingray on the Great Barrier Reef Monday when it lashed out with its tail, plunging a poisonous barb into his chest. He died within minutes.
In the first public comments by Irwin's family since the tragedy, the elder Irwin, who started the wildlife park that his son turned into a major tourist attraction, said Wednesday both were aware of the inherent dangers of their occupation.
Saturday, September 09, 2006
Free CDs to be given out during APIIT SFD 2006
Here's the list of CD's which gonna be distributed free...
Kubuntu
Xubuntu
Kubuntu
Xubuntu
ELIVE
Dyne:bolic
PHLAK
FOSS Goodies (Documents/ED & RMS Videos)
Suse 10.1 DVD
Fedora Core 5 (5CDs)
SimplyMEPIS
MusixGNU-Linux
Friday, September 08, 2006
APIIT LANKA SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY 2006 - Handout
APIIT LANKA SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY 2006
(http://www.softwarefreedomday.org)
FRIDAY 15th SEPTEMBER @ APIIT PREMISES
4TH FLOOR
(http://www.softwarefreedomday.org)
FRIDAY 15th SEPTEMBER @ APIIT PREMISES
4TH FLOOR
What is Free Software?
“Free software”' is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free”' as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.”
Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:
1. The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
2. The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
3. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
4. The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
Software Freedom Day
Software Freedom Day is a global, grassroots effort to educate the public about the virtues and availability of Free and Open Source Software. Local teams from all over the world are organizing events on 16 September 2006.
What is the GNU project?
The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete UNIX-like operating system which is free software i.e. the GNU system, by the Free Software Foundation headed by Richard M. Stallman (RMS). Variants of the GNU operating system, which use the kernel called Linux, are now widely used; though these systems are often referred to as “Linux”, they are more accurately called GNU/Linux systems.
GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not UNIX”; it is pronounced guh-noo, like canoe. The GNU project was designed to create software and an operating system that would run on peer-edited and improved code, continuing the tradition of software evolution that was already common in the computer science field in the 1970s and early 1980s.
For more information visit: http://www.gnu.org/
Linux
Linux (also known as GNU/Linux) is a Unix-like computer operating system written by a Finnish university student Linus Torvalds while attending the
Initially, Linux was primarily developed and used by individual enthusiasts on personal computers. Since then, Linux has gained the support of major corporations such as IBM, Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and Novell for use in servers and is gaining popularity in the desktop market. It is used in systems ranging from supercomputers to mobile phones. Proponents and analysts attribute its success to its security, reliability, low cost, and freedom from vendor lock-in.
For more information visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
Taprobane GNU/Linux
The first ever Linux OS/Distribution developed in
Taprobane is a convenient GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian. It is a live CD, but can be installed to persistent media. Saegiri, the build system used for creating Taprobane ISOs, can also be used to create custom Live CD distributions. Taprobane GNU/Linux is Free Software (Open Source). It's a collective work released under the Artistic License 2.0. Taprobane build system and components are released under the GNU General Public License. Some of the development happens on #taprobane at irc.{debian.org,freenode.net}.
Here are some goodies you may find in this distribution:
Xorg 6.8.2, Official Nvidia driver support out of the box, KDE 3.4.1, OpenOffice 2.0, Linux 2.6.12.4, Squashfs/Unionfs, Apache/PgSQL/MySQL/Zope, started/stopped from the K-menu, Excellent hotplug support, Saving data to persistent media, Educational software such as Stellarium and Octave.
For more information visit: http://taprobane.org/
SAHANA – Lanka Software Foundation (LSF)
Sahana is a Free and Open Source Disaster Management system. It is a web based collaboration tool that addresses the common coordination problems during a disaster from finding missing people, managing aid, managing volunteers, tracking camps effectively between Government groups, the civil society (NGOs) and the victims themselves.
Sahana has currently been deployed successfully in the following places:
1. Tsunami - Sri Lanka 2005 - Officially deployed in the CNO for the Government of Sri Lanka
2. AsianQuake - Pakistan 2005 - Officially deployed within with NADRA for the Government of Pakistan
3.
4. Sarvodaya -
5. Terre des Hommes - Sri Lanka 2006 - Deployed with new Child Protection Module
6. Yogjarkata Earthquake - Indonesia 2006 - Deployed by ACS, urRemote and Indonesian whitewater association and Indonesian Rescue Source
7.
Though application of Sahana is the greatest recognition of the value of the Sahana system to help out in disasters, our work also has been recognized in other ways
1. Redhat User Award - Given to the founder of Lanka Software Foundation Dr Sanjiva Weerawarna - 2005
2. Sahana inspired the new Free Software Foundation Award for Humanity - 2005
3. Software 2006,
4. Interview of core team in BBC program "code breakers" - 2006
5. One of the three top finalists in the Health category in Stockholm Challenge - 2006
6. Sourceforge Project of the Month for June 2006
For more information visit: http://sahana.lk, contact via sahana@opensource.lk
Orange Open Movie - Elephants Dream
Elephants Dream is the world’s first open movie, made entirely with open source graphics software such as Blender, and with all production files freely available to use however you please, under a Creative Commons license. The short film (10m 55s) was created by the Orange Open Movie Project studio in
For more information visit: http://orange.blender.org
OrangeHRM - hSenid
OrangeHRM, the first version of a comprehensive Open Source HRM solution. It comes as a free web-enabled application which is easy to install, configure and run. This would be an ideal solution for small and medium sized companies and organizations looking for an inexpensive way to manage and develop their human resources.
OrangeHRM is emerging in line with the new generation of HR Information Systems (HRIS) and will assist you in managing your company's most important asset - human resource. Based on modular architecture, this comprehensive Open Source solution reflects the main areas of HR Management from simple personnel administration to today's complex strategic approaches. OrangeHRM, which is applicable to diverse business industries, is a perfect platform for re-engineering your HR processes and redefining the workflow operations of HR professionals, paving the way to a new level of HR Management.
For more information visit: http://www.orangehrm.com
FREE Linux CDs for each Participant, also win several Linux Distribution CDs by participating the Question and Answer Session. GNU/Linux T-shirts and other Linux Distributions are available at Student’s Request.
Friday 08th 2006 - 6 more days
The APIIT SFD 2006 is steering well. We had our FOSS meeting 2day at the TLC. Everything going smoothly.
We decided not to give Ubuntu or Kubuntu for the APIIT SFD 2006 as we will be getting them free from the LK-LUG, as 1500 CDs gonna be burnt to distribute free of charge during the FOSS Day.
Now we have to think of some other Linux Live CD to be distributed.. Problem again.
Prepared the APIIT SFD 2006 Pre-Advocating Hand out which is to be distributed among the students on Monday.
Exactly 6 more days to go !!
Will add more about this effort as we move along.
We decided not to give Ubuntu or Kubuntu for the APIIT SFD 2006 as we will be getting them free from the LK-LUG, as 1500 CDs gonna be burnt to distribute free of charge during the FOSS Day.
Now we have to think of some other Linux Live CD to be distributed.. Problem again.
Prepared the APIIT SFD 2006 Pre-Advocating Hand out which is to be distributed among the students on Monday.
Exactly 6 more days to go !!
Will add more about this effort as we move along.
Wednesday, September 06, 2006
Software Freedom Day 2006 @ APIIT
For the First time in APIIT history we are going to celebrate the Software Freedom Day as a FOSS community. This event will be held on 15th Friday where Global SFD will be celebrated in many countries on 16th Saturday. And majority of us will be busy working for the FOSS-SL/LK-LUG SFD2006 at Majestic City, Crescat Boulevard and Excel World.
The organizing is done by a bunch of 2nd year APIIT Students (FOSS enthusiasts and Linux Users) and I will be the General chair to host this event. We were attending so many FOSS events happening around Sri Lanka including FOSS2004, FOSS-ed, FOSS2005, ApacheCon2006 and we never got a chance to organize such an event at our University premises.
Now that we have enough knowledge, skills and contacts we are sure that the event gonna be a success. I was supported by both Lohita and Gunith through thick and thin. Ilham, Asanga, Hasantha, Randika also in the supporting crew.
The Agenda was seemed to be good and we were given the approval from the Head of Computing. The budget was passed by the SAC (Student Activity Club) and we just had our official meeting at the TLC (The Linux Center). Both Ven. Mettavihari and Suchetha helped us and gave marvelous ideas while directing us in the correct path by showing us our mistakes.
Suchetha was overwhelmed and eager to help us. He managed to ring few speakers who were in our Agenda and get them ready for the event immediately.
Ven. Mettavihari handed over some Banners to decorate the place and GNU T-shirts and / TUX soft toys to trade during the event.
We decided to give away 200 free Linux CDs to delegates and we couldn’t come to a conclusion which distributions to be given.
Some suggest we give away Ubuntu and Kubuntu so that delegated can understand the significance in Gnome and KDE. Some suggest not to give neither of them coz they are freely available in the Web. Randika wants to give some Networking/Security/Firewall stuff but it’s not gonna work with majority of BIT and BABA students.
Finally we came with Kubuntu, e-Live, PHLAK and Knoppix or Documentation/Apps. Each distro will have 50 copies and these will give away randomly to delegates. The bottom line is we want them exchange each CD to build friendship and exchange their expertise knowledge on Installation and Trouble Shooting of the Linux Distribution they received.
That’s enough for today and will add more. This is only the start down a long road..I will blog more about this effort as we move along.
The organizing is done by a bunch of 2nd year APIIT Students (FOSS enthusiasts and Linux Users) and I will be the General chair to host this event. We were attending so many FOSS events happening around Sri Lanka including FOSS2004, FOSS-ed, FOSS2005, ApacheCon2006 and we never got a chance to organize such an event at our University premises.
Now that we have enough knowledge, skills and contacts we are sure that the event gonna be a success. I was supported by both Lohita and Gunith through thick and thin. Ilham, Asanga, Hasantha, Randika also in the supporting crew.
The Agenda was seemed to be good and we were given the approval from the Head of Computing. The budget was passed by the SAC (Student Activity Club) and we just had our official meeting at the TLC (The Linux Center). Both Ven. Mettavihari and Suchetha helped us and gave marvelous ideas while directing us in the correct path by showing us our mistakes.
Suchetha was overwhelmed and eager to help us. He managed to ring few speakers who were in our Agenda and get them ready for the event immediately.
Ven. Mettavihari handed over some Banners to decorate the place and GNU T-shirts and / TUX soft toys to trade during the event.
We decided to give away 200 free Linux CDs to delegates and we couldn’t come to a conclusion which distributions to be given.
Some suggest we give away Ubuntu and Kubuntu so that delegated can understand the significance in Gnome and KDE. Some suggest not to give neither of them coz they are freely available in the Web. Randika wants to give some Networking/Security/Firewall stuff but it’s not gonna work with majority of BIT and BABA students.
Finally we came with Kubuntu, e-Live, PHLAK and Knoppix or Documentation/Apps. Each distro will have 50 copies and these will give away randomly to delegates. The bottom line is we want them exchange each CD to build friendship and exchange their expertise knowledge on Installation and Trouble Shooting of the Linux Distribution they received.
That’s enough for today and will add more. This is only the start down a long road..I will blog more about this effort as we move along.
Tuesday, September 05, 2006
F.R.I.E.N.D.S. - Dilshan & Me
My good old friend Dilshan A.K.A Happy from year 8 was back in Sri Lanka during his short vacation period in Singapore. We met at the Majestic City Food Court and from there to the Theater. “Superman Returns” with two of the good old buddies from mid-school time. He was with his GF and well the movie was ok. Not that stupid and not much fantasy involved. Well we had lot to talk it’s been 2 years we have last met, and we were together during the last 2 years at school, same stream, same classroom, and sometimes same desk :) Adding something about my friend whoa… this guy has gone crazy. Totally changed and looking weird (just kidding dude) with the new Re-bond hair style and a charming earring on the left.
Monday, September 04, 2006
All About Sagittarians
Sagittarius, the Archer, is a very analytical sign. Sagittarians make particularly good researchers, Doctors, biologists, botanists, and psychiatrists. You will find a tremendous number of psychiatrists under this sign. Most of the time you will find a Sagittarius going into some kind of work in the area of the mind. Even if Sagittarians work as mechanics, they're still going to be very enamored with what happens within the mind of a person. So they're very prone to exploring others from a psychological perspective.
Sagittarians, male or female, have an endearing quality whereby they constantly ask, "I'm all right, aren't I? I feel good, don't I? I'm having a good time, right?" They constantly need to be validated, yet they're not a borderline personality. A lot of people will be thrown off by Sagittarians because they don't seem to have minds of their own. It turns out that they absolutely do, but they still want others to reinforce them. There again, that's what their whole mental process is like.
You must constantly soothe Sagittarians. If there is any sign that is filled with anxiety, it seems to be this one. Unless they're completely quieted down by air and water signs in their chart, Sagittarians will be very anxiety-ridden people. And I think that's because they work so much from their intellect. They will usually migrate toward somebody who says, "Shhh, yeah, everything is just fine." Then they're fine, and they can go on and analyze and do their own number. But every once in a while, they have to touch home base. Sagittarians are tremendously quick-witted. They not only enjoy a joke, but they can tell one very well. And they have a highly developed sense of humor. (Just as an aside, I think that people who do not like animals, children, music, or have no sense of humor are insane— I really do.)
Sagittarians write very well, but they're very wordy and a little bit boring. If you read anything by a Sagittarius individual, you may say, "Would you please get to the point?" They ramble on and on because they want to cover all bases. They even do this when speaking.
(But they're not nearly as nitpicky as Capricorns, who want to tell you what suit they were wearing, on what day of the week, and how the weather was that day.) If you ask them to repeat one word out of a book, they will repeat the entire book instead. Or if you want to find out about a movie, they will tell you the entire plot.
A Sagittarius will explain and postulate on every side of a subject: "Now, if it happens this way . . .” "Now, if it happens that way . . . " "Now, in case it should turn around and go the other way . . .” So they have all of the bases covered. They don't want any loose ends. Watch Sagittarians buy something. They can have a fit around anybody they're buying a car or house from. They will go through everything with a fine-tooth comb. "Well, what if the tires wear out? What if the carburetor doesn't work right?" And pretty soon you're ready to just give it to them. "Please, just take it off my hands, and get out of here!" It is usually very hard to drive a bargain with a Sagittarius, because you usually end up saying, "Just take it, I don't care." Often, Sagittarians will be the kind of people who would come to a class and say, "I'll pay you after I find out if I like it." This is typical behavior for them.
Sagittarius is also a "don't fence me in" sign, just as Libra is. Sagittarians are tremendous freedom lovers. And you ever, ever want to make them feel like they have no freedom. Now, what is crazy about Sagittarians is that they'll stay in the house forever . . . until you tell them they must leave. And then, boy, you've had it! But they'll stay forever in one singular place. As long as you do not put a time schedule on Sagittarians, they're fine. Now, what is unique about a Sagittarius is, if you happen to be a freedom-loving person involved with one, for some reason they become very possessive.
If you turn around the other way and become possessive with a Sagittarius, this person will bolt on you. It's weird—you never know what to do with them, whether you should be free and outgoing with them, or be possessive. So you stand in front of Sagittarius individuals and ask them constantly, "What do you want from me?" It is never boring to be with Sagittarians, and I think what makes it all worthwhile is that they are so witty and so marvelous to be around that people usually migrate to them. They always have a group of people congregating around them...
Most Sagittarians do not come into full bloom until later in life. Many of the signs are like this, in fact, but this is especially true of Sagittarians. Sagittarius is also a very, very faithful sign. These individuals do not love three people at once the way Virgos do, but they can switch loves very luckily. And they can change totally, within a matter of a few weeks. They can be totally ingrained in one family, home, and everything; and then completely move their whole household somewhere else and begin with another spouse and a whole different family.
They will be sublimely happy and feel like they've been there forever. Sagittarians love children and are very concerned about them. And if anyone cries around Sagittarians, they will immediately melt. They will crumble. You don't want to cry around them because they'll get more upset than you are. They bark very ferociously, but drop one tear, and they usually say, "I didn't mean it." Then two hours later, they'll tell you what they thought about it. And when a stranger comes up crying, it upsets them terribly. It is a unique quality about them. They won't get as upset with somebody crying within their own family as they will with a stranger.
Sagittarians will do everything for someone else—clean their house, scrub their floors . . . while their own floors can go to pot. So they're truly magnanimous as far as helping people on the outside. And it truly is this sign about which others will say, "Well, why doesn't charity begin at home?" Sagittarians don't want you to talk about that. Sagittarians, like Scorpios, can be quite vindictive. Most of the signs can be, but these two signs are spiteful to the extreme.
They are the kind of people who will say to you, "I haven't spoken to my mother or sister for 20 years— and I don't care to." You'll ask them if they feel bad about this, and they'll say no. They'll say it to you in words like this: "They committed a mortal sin—they interfered in my life." So if anyone close to them really interferes, really judges them, they can erase them from their lives. And they don't seem to carry any guilt about it. That person no longer exists for Sagittarians. And no way can you try to make peace for them. If you try to have a little dinner and all of a sudden the sister shows up, the Sagittarian will walk out the door. They have no qualms about being rude on that score at all. There is no way of welding the situation together. Sagittarians are very blunt. If you visit them at home too late, they'll say, "I'm sorry, I have to go to bed." Then they'll walk into the other room.
These are the types of people about whom you might say, "They're truthful to a fault!" And then you go, "Oh!" when they put their truths in motion. But it's funny—these Sagittarians don't understand why people always seem to feel so wounded around them. Unfortunately, you'll have no room for a retort, because you know that what they've said is the truth. But you say, "Did you have to say it that way?!" And they'll reply, "If the truth hurts, too bad!" or, "Well, you ought to know it's true," and they'll watch you bleed. But they'll also try to bandage the hurt right away because they're so sorry about hurting you.
Sagittarians mean nothing by it. Full-blown Sagittarians can get away with saying things that others cannot. You can walk up to the exact same people and say the same thing that Sagittarians do, and they'll punch you right in the nose. Sagittarians say it with a smile on their face, and people say, "Okay." But another sign will try to go up and mimic a Sagittarius and get stabbed to death. People are so enamored by Sagittarians' charm, and their beautiful ways, that they don't really know that they've gotten it real good until maybe days later.
People will say, "What the hell did they mean by that?" It's not uncommon to walk up to a Sagittarius, be totally whittled down, and then say, "Thank you." When you walk away, you may think, I was had! Yeah, but it sounded so beautiful when they said it! A man who came to my office one day was a Sagittarius. He said, "I don't know what I expected, but you're not it!" I said, "Oh, thank you." About two days later, I thought about it and went, "Hmmm." That is what Sagittarians do—you can go four Or five ways with whatever they say. You're constantly saying to Sagittarians, "What did you mean by that?!" And they think you ought to know. Sagittarians have such a total intellectual approach to everything that they just assail you. Even their sex life is much intellectualized. This is also the sign that gets drunk on words. Sagittarians just overflow with words—beautiful ones! Everything sounds melodious, and it flows together very well.
Physical Characteristics
Sagittarians usually have either reddish hair, or the complexion of a redhead. They are usually ruddy-complicated people and have a full mane of hair. If they're male, even though they may be going bald, they will have big tufts of hair around the sides. It seems they have hair all over them—everywhere. Sagittarians tend to be either very farsighted or nearsighted, and they almost always have astigmatism. They tend to have problems in the lower back area. Most of the time they come into life with a curvature of the spine. They are very swaybacked. Sagittarians are usually tall people—very, long of limb, with short trunks. I take on the Sagittarian aspect—I have legs clear up to my armpits—all legs. They usually have very small hands— regardless of their stature. Sagittarians have very petite, dainty hands, and the nail beds do not go very deep. Usually Sagittarians are large-structured people. Even if they're slender, they still have a large bone structure and are very angular. They also have very, very luminescent, shiny eyes. If you have ever seen Andy Williams, I am certain that there's a Sagittarius somewhere in his chart, because his eyes always shine as if they have drops in them.
Sagittarians, male or female, have an endearing quality whereby they constantly ask, "I'm all right, aren't I? I feel good, don't I? I'm having a good time, right?" They constantly need to be validated, yet they're not a borderline personality. A lot of people will be thrown off by Sagittarians because they don't seem to have minds of their own. It turns out that they absolutely do, but they still want others to reinforce them. There again, that's what their whole mental process is like.
You must constantly soothe Sagittarians. If there is any sign that is filled with anxiety, it seems to be this one. Unless they're completely quieted down by air and water signs in their chart, Sagittarians will be very anxiety-ridden people. And I think that's because they work so much from their intellect. They will usually migrate toward somebody who says, "Shhh, yeah, everything is just fine." Then they're fine, and they can go on and analyze and do their own number. But every once in a while, they have to touch home base. Sagittarians are tremendously quick-witted. They not only enjoy a joke, but they can tell one very well. And they have a highly developed sense of humor. (Just as an aside, I think that people who do not like animals, children, music, or have no sense of humor are insane— I really do.)
Sagittarians write very well, but they're very wordy and a little bit boring. If you read anything by a Sagittarius individual, you may say, "Would you please get to the point?" They ramble on and on because they want to cover all bases. They even do this when speaking.
(But they're not nearly as nitpicky as Capricorns, who want to tell you what suit they were wearing, on what day of the week, and how the weather was that day.) If you ask them to repeat one word out of a book, they will repeat the entire book instead. Or if you want to find out about a movie, they will tell you the entire plot.
A Sagittarius will explain and postulate on every side of a subject: "Now, if it happens this way . . .” "Now, if it happens that way . . . " "Now, in case it should turn around and go the other way . . .” So they have all of the bases covered. They don't want any loose ends. Watch Sagittarians buy something. They can have a fit around anybody they're buying a car or house from. They will go through everything with a fine-tooth comb. "Well, what if the tires wear out? What if the carburetor doesn't work right?" And pretty soon you're ready to just give it to them. "Please, just take it off my hands, and get out of here!" It is usually very hard to drive a bargain with a Sagittarius, because you usually end up saying, "Just take it, I don't care." Often, Sagittarians will be the kind of people who would come to a class and say, "I'll pay you after I find out if I like it." This is typical behavior for them.
Sagittarius is also a "don't fence me in" sign, just as Libra is. Sagittarians are tremendous freedom lovers. And you ever, ever want to make them feel like they have no freedom. Now, what is crazy about Sagittarians is that they'll stay in the house forever . . . until you tell them they must leave. And then, boy, you've had it! But they'll stay forever in one singular place. As long as you do not put a time schedule on Sagittarians, they're fine. Now, what is unique about a Sagittarius is, if you happen to be a freedom-loving person involved with one, for some reason they become very possessive.
If you turn around the other way and become possessive with a Sagittarius, this person will bolt on you. It's weird—you never know what to do with them, whether you should be free and outgoing with them, or be possessive. So you stand in front of Sagittarius individuals and ask them constantly, "What do you want from me?" It is never boring to be with Sagittarians, and I think what makes it all worthwhile is that they are so witty and so marvelous to be around that people usually migrate to them. They always have a group of people congregating around them...
Most Sagittarians do not come into full bloom until later in life. Many of the signs are like this, in fact, but this is especially true of Sagittarians. Sagittarius is also a very, very faithful sign. These individuals do not love three people at once the way Virgos do, but they can switch loves very luckily. And they can change totally, within a matter of a few weeks. They can be totally ingrained in one family, home, and everything; and then completely move their whole household somewhere else and begin with another spouse and a whole different family.
They will be sublimely happy and feel like they've been there forever. Sagittarians love children and are very concerned about them. And if anyone cries around Sagittarians, they will immediately melt. They will crumble. You don't want to cry around them because they'll get more upset than you are. They bark very ferociously, but drop one tear, and they usually say, "I didn't mean it." Then two hours later, they'll tell you what they thought about it. And when a stranger comes up crying, it upsets them terribly. It is a unique quality about them. They won't get as upset with somebody crying within their own family as they will with a stranger.
Sagittarians will do everything for someone else—clean their house, scrub their floors . . . while their own floors can go to pot. So they're truly magnanimous as far as helping people on the outside. And it truly is this sign about which others will say, "Well, why doesn't charity begin at home?" Sagittarians don't want you to talk about that. Sagittarians, like Scorpios, can be quite vindictive. Most of the signs can be, but these two signs are spiteful to the extreme.
They are the kind of people who will say to you, "I haven't spoken to my mother or sister for 20 years— and I don't care to." You'll ask them if they feel bad about this, and they'll say no. They'll say it to you in words like this: "They committed a mortal sin—they interfered in my life." So if anyone close to them really interferes, really judges them, they can erase them from their lives. And they don't seem to carry any guilt about it. That person no longer exists for Sagittarians. And no way can you try to make peace for them. If you try to have a little dinner and all of a sudden the sister shows up, the Sagittarian will walk out the door. They have no qualms about being rude on that score at all. There is no way of welding the situation together. Sagittarians are very blunt. If you visit them at home too late, they'll say, "I'm sorry, I have to go to bed." Then they'll walk into the other room.
These are the types of people about whom you might say, "They're truthful to a fault!" And then you go, "Oh!" when they put their truths in motion. But it's funny—these Sagittarians don't understand why people always seem to feel so wounded around them. Unfortunately, you'll have no room for a retort, because you know that what they've said is the truth. But you say, "Did you have to say it that way?!" And they'll reply, "If the truth hurts, too bad!" or, "Well, you ought to know it's true," and they'll watch you bleed. But they'll also try to bandage the hurt right away because they're so sorry about hurting you.
Sagittarians mean nothing by it. Full-blown Sagittarians can get away with saying things that others cannot. You can walk up to the exact same people and say the same thing that Sagittarians do, and they'll punch you right in the nose. Sagittarians say it with a smile on their face, and people say, "Okay." But another sign will try to go up and mimic a Sagittarius and get stabbed to death. People are so enamored by Sagittarians' charm, and their beautiful ways, that they don't really know that they've gotten it real good until maybe days later.
People will say, "What the hell did they mean by that?" It's not uncommon to walk up to a Sagittarius, be totally whittled down, and then say, "Thank you." When you walk away, you may think, I was had! Yeah, but it sounded so beautiful when they said it! A man who came to my office one day was a Sagittarius. He said, "I don't know what I expected, but you're not it!" I said, "Oh, thank you." About two days later, I thought about it and went, "Hmmm." That is what Sagittarians do—you can go four Or five ways with whatever they say. You're constantly saying to Sagittarians, "What did you mean by that?!" And they think you ought to know. Sagittarians have such a total intellectual approach to everything that they just assail you. Even their sex life is much intellectualized. This is also the sign that gets drunk on words. Sagittarians just overflow with words—beautiful ones! Everything sounds melodious, and it flows together very well.
Physical Characteristics
Sagittarians usually have either reddish hair, or the complexion of a redhead. They are usually ruddy-complicated people and have a full mane of hair. If they're male, even though they may be going bald, they will have big tufts of hair around the sides. It seems they have hair all over them—everywhere. Sagittarians tend to be either very farsighted or nearsighted, and they almost always have astigmatism. They tend to have problems in the lower back area. Most of the time they come into life with a curvature of the spine. They are very swaybacked. Sagittarians are usually tall people—very, long of limb, with short trunks. I take on the Sagittarian aspect—I have legs clear up to my armpits—all legs. They usually have very small hands— regardless of their stature. Sagittarians have very petite, dainty hands, and the nail beds do not go very deep. Usually Sagittarians are large-structured people. Even if they're slender, they still have a large bone structure and are very angular. They also have very, very luminescent, shiny eyes. If you have ever seen Andy Williams, I am certain that there's a Sagittarius somewhere in his chart, because his eyes always shine as if they have drops in them.
2days Lesson
When you cut a lecture make sure you hide from her the entire day. Stair case, Lift or near the wash room(even inside) is not a good place to hide :)
Sunday, September 03, 2006
An-124 CONDOR (ANTONOV)
I Love this Biggest Flying Babe
An-124 was created in the tradition of An-22 to be the largest transport aircraft in the world. It is larger than the C-5B Galaxy, but smaller than the An-225 Mriya (NATO named Cossack) which carries the Russian space shuttle. The first prototype (SSSR 82002, Number 318) flew on December 26, 1982. The wings are high-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with curved tips and negative slant. Four turbofans are mounted on pylons under the wings. The fuselage is a thick oval in cross-section with a rounded nose and tapering to the rear. The tail fin is swept-back and tapered with rounded tips. Flats are swept-back, tapered, and mid-mounted on the body.
Country of Origin : Russia
Role : Strategic transport
Similar Aircraft : C-5B Galaxy, C-17A Globemaster III
Wing Span : 240 ft, 5 in (73.3 m)
Length : 226 ft, 3 in (69 m)
Height : N/A
Weight : 405000 kg
Engine : 4 - Lotarev D-18T, 229.9 kN thrust each
Cruising speed : 865 km/h
Range : 16,500 km maximum range
4,500 km with maximum payload
Service Ceiling : 12000 m
Armament : none
Payload : 88 passengers or cargo in a 36.5 m x 6.4 m x 4.4 m (1027.8 cu. m) cargo bay
Crew : Six--seven with loadmaster
An-124 was created in the tradition of An-22 to be the largest transport aircraft in the world. It is larger than the C-5B Galaxy, but smaller than the An-225 Mriya (NATO named Cossack) which carries the Russian space shuttle. The first prototype (SSSR 82002, Number 318) flew on December 26, 1982. The wings are high-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with curved tips and negative slant. Four turbofans are mounted on pylons under the wings. The fuselage is a thick oval in cross-section with a rounded nose and tapering to the rear. The tail fin is swept-back and tapered with rounded tips. Flats are swept-back, tapered, and mid-mounted on the body.
Country of Origin : Russia
Role : Strategic transport
Similar Aircraft : C-5B Galaxy, C-17A Globemaster III
Wing Span : 240 ft, 5 in (73.3 m)
Length : 226 ft, 3 in (69 m)
Height : N/A
Weight : 405000 kg
Engine : 4 - Lotarev D-18T, 229.9 kN thrust each
Cruising speed : 865 km/h
Range : 16,500 km maximum range
4,500 km with maximum payload
Service Ceiling : 12000 m
Armament : none
Payload : 88 passengers or cargo in a 36.5 m x 6.4 m x 4.4 m (1027.8 cu. m) cargo bay
Crew : Six--seven with loadmaster
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